Amateka magufi yiterambere ryimodoka

Mu 1880, umunyamerika wahimbye Edison yakoze generator nini ya DC yitwa “The Colossus”, yerekanwe mu imurikagurisha ryabereye i Paris mu 1881.

edison se wubu
Muri icyo gihe, iterambere rya moteri y’amashanyarazi naryo riratera imbere.Generator na moteri nibikorwa bibiri bitandukanye byimashini imwe.Gukoresha nkigikoresho gisohoka nubu ni generator, kandi kuyikoresha nkigikoresho cyo gutanga amashanyarazi ni moteri.

Iri hame ridasubirwaho ryimashini yamashanyarazi ryagaragaye kubwamahirwe mu 1873. Mu imurikagurisha ry’inganda ryabereye i Vienne muri uyu mwaka, umukozi yakoze ikosa maze ahuza umugozi na generator ikora.Byagaragaye ko rotor ya generator yahinduye icyerekezo ihita ijya muburyo bunyuranye.Icyerekezo kirahindukira gihinduka moteri.Kuva icyo gihe, abantu bamenye ko moteri ya DC ishobora gukoreshwa nka generator ndetse nibintu bidasubirwaho bya moteri.Ubu buvumbuzi butunguranye bwagize ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere no gukora moteri.

Hamwe niterambere ryokubyara amashanyarazi hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryo gutanga amashanyarazi, gushushanya no gukora moteri nabyo biragenda birushaho kuba byiza.Mu myaka ya 1890, moteri ya DC yari ifite ibintu byose byingenzi bigize imiterere ya moteri ya DC igezweho.Nubwo moteri ya DC yakoreshejwe cyane kandi itanga inyungu nyinshi mubukungu mubisabwa, ibitagenda neza byayo bigabanya iterambere ryayo.Nukuvuga ko, idashobora gukemura amashanyarazi maremare maremare, kandi ntishobora gukemura ikibazo cyo guhinduranya voltage, moteri ya AC rero yateye imbere byihuse.

Muri kiriya gihe, moteri y'ibyiciro bibiri na moteri y'ibyiciro bitatu yasohotse umwe umwe.Mu 1885, umuhanga mu bya fiziki w’umutaliyani Galileo Ferraris yatanze ihame ryo kuzunguruka umurima wa magneti maze atangiza icyerekezo cya moteri idafite ibyiciro bibiri.Mu 1886, Nikola Tesla, wimukiye muri Amerika, na we yigenga akora moteri y'ibyiciro bibiri.Mu 1888, injeniyeri w’amashanyarazi w’Uburusiya Dolivo Dobrovolsky yakoze moteri y'ibyiciro bitatu AC imwe ya squirrel cage moteri idafite imbaraga.Ubushakashatsi niterambere rya moteri ya AC, cyane cyane iterambere ryiza rya moteri ya AC ibyiciro bitatu, yashyizeho uburyo bwo kohereza amashanyarazi maremare, kandi icyarimwe yateje imbere ikoranabuhanga ryamashanyarazi kugera kuntambwe nshya.

Tesla, se wo guhinduranya ibihe
Ahagana mu 1880, Ubwongereza Ferranti bwateje imbere uwasimbuye kandi butanga igitekerezo cyo kohereza amashanyarazi menshi.Mu 1882, Gordon mu Bwongereza yakoze umusaruro munini w'ibyiciro bibiri.Mu 1882, Umufaransa Gorand hamwe n’umwongereza John Gibbs babonye ipatanti ya “Lighting and Power Distribution Method”, maze batezimbere impinduka ya mbere ifite agaciro gakomeye.ibikoresho bikomeye.Nyuma, Westinghouse yateje imbere iyubakwa rya Gibbs transformateur, iba transformateur hamwe nibikorwa bigezweho.Mu 1891, Blow yakoze transformateur y’amashanyarazi menshi y’amashanyarazi mu Busuwisi, nyuma akora imashini nini nini cyane.Intera ndende-nini ya voltage yumuriro wa AC yateye imbere cyane kubera guhora utezimbere impinduka.

Nyuma yimyaka irenga 100 yiterambere, theorie ya moteri ubwayo yarakuze rwose.Ariko, hamwe niterambere ryubwubatsi bwamashanyarazi, siyanse ya mudasobwa nubuhanga bwo kugenzura, iterambere rya moteri ryinjiye mubyiciro bishya.Muri byo, iterambere rya moteri yo kugenzura umuvuduko wa AC nicyo gishimishije cyane, ariko nticyamamaye kandi kigashyirwa mubikorwa kuva kera kuko bigerwaho nibice byumuzunguruko hamwe nibice bihinduranya, kandi imikorere yo kugenzura ntabwo ari nziza nkuko irya DC kugenzura umuvuduko.

Nyuma ya za 1970, nyuma yo gutangiza amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike, ibibazo byo kugabanya ibikoresho, kugabanya ingano, kugabanya ibiciro, kunoza imikorere, no gukuraho urusaku byakemuwe buhoro buhoro, kandi kugenzura umuvuduko wa AC byageze ku ntera.Nyuma yo kuvumbura kugenzura vector, imikorere ihagaze kandi ifite imbaraga za sisitemu yo kugenzura umuvuduko wa AC.Nyuma yo gukoresha microcomputer igenzura, algorithm ya vector igenzurwa na software kugirango igenzure ibyuma byumuzunguruko, bityo igabanye igiciro kandi itezimbere kwizerwa, kandi birashoboka kandi kurushaho kumenya tekinoroji igoye yo kugenzura.Iterambere ryihuse ryimbaraga za elegitoroniki na tekinoroji ya microcomputer nimbaraga zo gukomeza kuvugurura sisitemu yo kugenzura umuvuduko wa AC.

Mu myaka yashize, hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryibikoresho bidasanzwe bya magneti bihoraho hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki, moteri ya magneti ihoraho yateye imbere cyane.Moteri na generator zikoresha ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho bya NdFeB byakoreshejwe henshi, uhereye ku bwato bugenda kugeza pompe yamaraso yumutima.Moteri ya superconducting isanzwe ikoreshwa mugutanga amashanyarazi no kugenda kwa gari ya moshi yihuta na mato.

Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga, kunoza imikorere yibikoresho fatizo no kunoza imikorere yinganda, moteri zirimo gukorwa hamwe nibihumbi icumi byamoko nibisobanuro, urwego rwingufu zingana (kuva miriyoni miriyoni za a watt kugeza hejuru ya 1000MW), n'umuvuduko mugari cyane.Urwego (kuva muminsi myinshi kugeza ku bihumbi magana ya revolisiyo kumunota), guhuza ibidukikije bihindagurika cyane (nk'ubutaka buringaniye, ikibaya, ikirere, amazi yo munsi, amavuta, akarere gakonje, akarere gashyuha, tropique itose, tropique yumye, imbere, hanze, Ibinyabiziga , amato, ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye, nibindi), kugirango bikemure ibikenewe mubice bitandukanye byubukungu bwigihugu nubuzima bwabantu.