Nka nkomoko yingufu zikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byinganda, ikirere gikonje gifite 10% ~ 35% byingufu zose zikoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda.96% by'ingufu zikoreshwa na sisitemu yo mu kirere ifunitse ni ugukoresha ingufu za compressor yinganda, kandi ingufu za buri mwaka zikoreshwa mu nganda zikoreshwa mu nganda mu Bushinwa zingana na 6% by’ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi mu gihugu.Amafaranga yo gukoresha mu kirere akoresheje amafaranga yo gutanga amasoko, amafaranga yo kubungabunga hamwe n’ibikorwa byo gukoresha ingufu, ukurikije igitekerezo cyo gusuzuma ubuzima bwuzuye, ibiciro byamasoko bingana na 10% gusa, mugihe ikiguzi cyingufu kiri hejuru ya 77%.Irerekana ko Ubushinwa bugomba kunoza cyane ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukoresha ingufu z’ikirere gikonje mu gihe cyo kuvugurura inganda n’ubukungu.
Hamwe no kurushaho gusobanukirwa n’imyuka ihumanye n’ingufu zikoreshwa no kugabanya ibyuka bikenerwa n’inganda, birihutirwa guhitamo ikoranabuhanga rikwiye muri sisitemu iriho yo guhindura ingufu zo kuzigama byabaye kugera ku musaruro mwiza wo kuzigama ingufu.Mu myaka ibiri ishize, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku nganda z’inganda mu Bushinwa bwerekanye ko icyifuzo cyo kuvugurura ingufu zizigama ingufu ahanini kiva mu bintu bitatu bikurikira:
Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu zo mu kirere zagize uruhare runini cyane mu gukoresha amashanyarazi;sisitemu yo mu kirere ihindagurika itanga ihungabana, ihindagurika ryumuvuduko nizindi ngaruka kumurimo usanzwe wibikoresho;hamwe no kwagura igipimo cy'umusaruro, uruganda rwa sisitemu yambere yo mu kirere ifunzwe kugirango ihindure impinduka zijyanye no kwiyongera kw'ibisabwa.Bitewe n'ibiranga sisitemu yo mu kirere ikomatanyije kandi ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu kuzigama ingufu riratandukanye, kugira ngo tunoze intsinzi yo guhinduka, impinduka zo kuzigama ingufu ntizishobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa buhumyi.Ni ngombwa cyane guhitamo ingamba zikwiye zo kuzigama ingufu zishingiye ku isesengura ryuzuye, kugerageza no gusuzuma sisitemu yose.Abanditsi basesenguye banasesengura ibiranga urugero n’ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa kandi rizigama ingufu mu kuzigama ingufu mu gukora iperereza ku mikoreshereze y’umwuka uhumanye mu nganda nyinshi z’inganda.
Ingamba zo Kuzigama Ingufu
Hashingiwe ku nyigisho ya pneumatike sisitemu yo gukoresha ingufu no gusuzuma igihombo cy’ingufu, duhereye ku bintu bitandukanye bigize sisitemu, ingamba rusange zo kuzigama ingufu zafashwe ku buryo bukurikira:
Igisekuru cy'umwuka uhumanye.Iboneza ryumvikana no gufata neza ubwoko butandukanye bwa compressor, gutezimbere uburyo bwo gukora, gucunga buri munsi ibikoresho byoza ikirere.Gutwara umwuka ucanye.Gukwirakwiza imiyoboro y'urusobe rw'imiyoboro, gutandukanya imiyoboro ihanitse kandi ntoya;kugenzura-igihe nyacyo cyo gukwirakwiza ikirere, kugenzura buri munsi no kugabanya imyanda, kunoza igihombo ku ngingo.Gukoresha umwuka uhumanye.Gutezimbere umuzunguruko wa silinderi, gukoresha ibicuruzwa bizigama ingufu byatejwe imbere muruganda, nkibikoresho bidasanzwe bizigama ikirere cyo kurasa silinderi mu nganda za aluminium electrolytike, ndetse nimbunda zo mu kirere zikoresha ingufu hamwe na nozzles.Compressor imyanda isubirana.Ubushyuhe butangwa mugihe cyo guhumeka ikirere bugarurwa hakoreshejwe guhanahana ubushyuhe, nibindi, kandi bigakoreshwa mubushuhe bufasha no gushyushya ibintu, nibindi.
Igisekuru cy'umwuka uhumanye
1 Umuyaga umwe wo guhumeka ingufu
Kugeza ubu, compressor zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zigabanijwe cyane cyane mu gusubiranamo, centrifugal na screw.Ubwoko bwo kwisubiraho buracyakoreshwa henshi mubigo bimwe bishaje;Ubwoko bwa centrifugal bukoreshwa cyane mubucuruzi bwimyenda ifite imikorere ihamye kandi ikora neza, ariko irashobora kwiyongera mugihe umuvuduko wa sisitemu uhindutse gitunguranye.Ingamba nyamukuru zo kuzigama ingufu zikoreshwa ni: kwemeza isuku y’ikirere cyatumijwe mu mahanga, cyane cyane inganda z’imyenda gukora akazi keza ko kuyungurura ibintu, kugira ngo zungurure umubare munini wa fibre ngufi mu kirere.Mugabanye ubushyuhe bwo guhumeka ikirere kugirango ubushyuhe bunoze.Amavuta yo kwisiga amavuta kuri vibrasi ya centrifuge rotor igira ingaruka nini, guhitamo amavuta yo kwisiga arimo antifoaming hamwe na stabilisateur ya okiside.Witondere ubwiza bwamazi akonje, gusohora amazi akonje, guteganya kuzuza amazi.Ingingo zisohoka za konderesi ya compressor de air, yumye, ikigega cyo kubikamo hamwe numuyoboro wa pipe bigomba gusohoka buri gihe.Kugirango wirinde guhuha guterwa nimpinduka zihuse zikenewe mu kirere, nibindi, witondere guhindura umurongo ugereranije nigihe ntarengwa cyagenwe nigice, kandi ugerageze kwirinda kugabanuka gutunguranye kwikirere.Hitamo ibyiciro bitatu bya centrifuges hamwe ningaruka zidasanzwe zo kuzigama ingufu, hanyuma ugerageze gukoresha moteri yumuvuduko mwinshi kugirango ugabanye umurongo kandi ugumane ubushyuhe bwikigereranyo cyumuyaga muke.
Imiyoboro yo guhumeka ikirere ikoreshwa cyane, ibikurikira byibanze kuri screw air compressor yo kugenzura uburyo bwo kugereranya incamake: gusesengura ibyuka byoguhumeka ikirere kiriho / gupakurura hamwe nibibazo bihoraho byumuvuduko, birashobora kurangizwa: gushingira kuburyo bwa mehaniki bwo kugenzura indege yinjira, gutanga ikirere birashobora ntugahute kandi uhore uhinduka.Iyo ingano ya gaze ihora ihinduka, igitutu cyo gutanga byanze bikunze gihinduka cyane.Igenzura ryinshuro nziza rikoreshwa muguhuza ihindagurika ryikoreshwa ryumwuka muruganda wongeyeho imashini ihindura kugirango ihindure umusaruro wumwuka wa compressor de air.Ikibi ni uko sisitemu ikwiranye n’ibihe ihindagurika ry’imikoreshereze y’ikirere mu ruganda atari rinini (ihindagurika ni 40% ~ 70% y’umusaruro umwe w’imashini zitanga ikirere kandi ingaruka zo kuzigama ingufu nizo zikomeye).
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ikirere itsinda ryinzobere
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ikirere impuguke zo mu kirere zahindutse ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo kugenzura amatsinda yo mu kirere no kuzigama ingufu.Sisitemu yo kugenzura ukurikije impinduka zikenewe zisabwa, Admiral igenzura ibyuma bitandukanye byo guhumeka ikirere itangira kandi igahagarara, gupakira no gupakurura, nibindi, kugirango sisitemu ihore ari numero ikwiye nubushobozi bwa compressor ikora.
Sisitemu yo kugenzura urugo binyuze mugucunga imiyoboro ihindura kugirango ihindure umuvuduko wa compressor imwe yumuyaga muruganda sisitemu yo gutanga gazi nkeya kugirango igenzure igihe cyoguhumeka ikirere igihe cyo gukora gaze, ihuza uruganda sisitemu yo gutanga gaze yumuvuduko muke hamwe na bito ihindagurika mu bwinshi bwa gaze.Mubisanzwe hitamo impinduka zo guhumeka ikirere guhinduranya impinduka, bigomba kuba sisitemu yumwuga kugirango ikore ibizamini byuzuye no kubara kugirango uhitemo.Binyuze mu isesengura no kugereranya byavuzwe haruguru, urashobora kubisanga: ibyinshi muri sisitemu yo mu kirere ikomatanyije ikora neza ifite ibyumba byinshi byo kunoza.Guhindura compressor inshuro nyinshi guhinduka bishobora gusa kugera kubikorwa byo kuzigama ingufu muguhuza nibikorwa bya sisitemu yikigo cyisununuye cyikigo, gikeneye kugeragezwa no gusuzumwa byuzuye nababigize umwuga mbere yo kubikoresha.Sisitemu yo kugenzura ikirere impuguke zo kugenzura zikwiranye cyane cyane na compressor nyinshi zo mu kirere zikorera icyarimwe, ishyirwa mubikorwa ryintambwe yo guhuza intambwe, irashobora guhuza neza ibikenewe ninganda.
3 guhumeka umwuka wo guhumeka neza
Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane byo guhumeka ikirere no gutunganya inganda ni ubwoko bwa firigo, nta bwoko bwo kongera ubushyuhe hamwe nubwoko bwa micro-ubushyuhe bushya, igereranya ryimikorere ryerekanwa mumbonerahamwe ikurikira.
Guhindura imbaraga zo kuzigama umurongo wo kwirwanaho kugirango ukurikize amahame akurikira: Niba sisitemu yambere yumwuka ari mwinshi cyane wo kuvura, hindura uburyo bwo kuvura buhuye.Kunoza uburyo bwo kumisha, gabanya igihombo cyumuvuduko wokuvura (gutakaza umuvuduko kumashanyarazi ya sisitemu zimwe kugeza 0.05 ~ 0.1MPa), gabanya gukoresha ingufu.
Gutwara umwuka ucanye
Sisitemu 1 yo kuvoma sisitemu yajiang ntigomba kurenga 1.5% yumuvuduko wakazi.Kugeza ubu, sitasiyo nyinshi zo mu kirere ntizifite imiyoboro y'ibanze n'iyisumbuye, inkokora nyinshi zidakenewe kandi zunamye, guhindagurika kenshi, no gutakaza umuvuduko ukabije.Bimwe mu miyoboro ya pneumatike yashyinguwe mu mwobo kandi ntibishobora gukurikiranwa ngo bitemba.Kugirango ibyifuzo bya sisitemu bishoboke uko byagenda kose, abakozi bashinzwe ibikorwa bongera umuvuduko wimikorere ya sisitemu yose 0.1 ~ 0.2MPa, bitangiza igihombo cyumuvuduko.Kuri buri 0.1MPa kwiyongera k'umuvuduko ukabije w'ikirere, gukoresha ingufu za compressor yo mu kirere biziyongera 7% ~ 10%.Muri icyo gihe, kwiyongera k'umuvuduko wa sisitemu byongera umwuka.Ingamba zo kuvugurura ingufu zizigama: hindura umuyoboro wogutunganya amashami muburyo buteganijwe, gushyira mubikorwa gutandukanya itangwa ryumuyaga mwinshi kandi muke, kandi ushyireho urwego rwinshi kandi ruto rwuzuye;hindura umuyoboro hamwe nimbaraga nini zaho mugihe cyo kuvugurura ingufu zizigama ingufu, kugabanya imiyoboro irwanya imiyoboro, no kweza urukuta rwimbere rwumuyoboro ukaraba aside, gukuramo ingese, nibindi, kugirango urukuta rwumuyoboro rugende neza.
2 Kumeneka, gutahura no kumeneka
Ibyinshi mu bisohoka mu ruganda birakomeye, amafaranga yamenetse agera kuri 20% ~ 35%, aboneka cyane cyane mumibande, ingingo, inyabutatu, indangagaciro za solenoid, guhuza imigozi hamwe nigifuniko cyimbere cya silinderi ya buri bikoresho bikoresha gaze;bimwe mubikoresho bikora munsi yigitutu, gupakurura byikora, kandi binaniza kenshi.Ibyangiritse biterwa no kumeneka birenze ibyo abantu batekereza.Nka sitasiyo yo gusudira yimodoka ya plaque yo gusudira mumiyoboro ya gaze yatewe numwobo muto wa 1mm ya diametre, gutakaza buri mwaka amashanyarazi agera kuri 355kWh, hafi ya yose ahwanye nimiryango ibiri yabanyamuryango batatu mumashanyarazi murugo.Ingamba zo kuzigama ingufu: Shyiramo uburyo bwo gucunga ibipimo byo gutembera kumuyoboro wa gazi yo mumahugurwa nyamukuru atanga umusaruro kugirango umenye imipaka yimikoreshereze.Hindura uburyo bwo gukoresha gaze, gabanya umubare wa valve hamwe, hamwe no kugabanya ingingo ziva.Shimangira imiyoborere kandi ukoreshe ibikoresho byumwuga mugenzuzi usanzwe.Muri make, inganda zirashobora gukoresha ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byipimisha byumwuga nko kubangikanya uburyo bworoshye bwogukoresha gaze ya gazi yamenetse, imbunda yo gusikana imbunda, nibindi, kugirango ifate ingamba zo kubuza sisitemu yo mu kirere ifunze gukora, ibyago, gutonyanga no kumeneka, bityo bigakora imirimo yo kubungabunga n'ibikorwa byo gusimbuza ibice.
Gukoresha umwuka uhumanye
Imbunda zo mu kirere zikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo kurangiza, gutunganya ahandi hantu hatunganyirizwa, kandi ibyo bakoresha mu kirere bigera kuri 50% byogutanga ikirere mubice bimwe byinganda.Muburyo bwo gukoresha, haribintu nkumuyoboro muremure utanga ikirere, umuvuduko mwinshi wo gutanga, ukoresheje umuyoboro wumuringa ugororotse nka nozzle no kongera uruhushya rutemewe nakazi kakozwe nabakozi bambere, bitera imyanda myinshi.
Ikintu kidafite ishingiro cyo gukoresha gaze mubikoresho bya pneumatike nacyo kiragaragara cyane, nko kumenya niba igihangano cyarafashwe mu mwanya w’umuvuduko w’umuvuduko wa gaze, gutanga gaze ya vacuum, n'ibindi.Ibi bibazo bibaho cyane cyane mu bigega bya shimi na gaze ikoreshwa mu kuvanga, no mu gukora amapine, nko guta agaciro kwa stereotypical.Ingamba zo kuvugurura ingufu zizigama: Gukoresha ibikoresho bishya bya pneumatike nozzle bizigama ingufu nimbunda zo mu kirere.Gukoresha ibikoresho byihariye bya pneumatike mu nganda zihariye, nk'inganda za aluminiyumu mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya silinderi ya shell idasanzwe yo kubika ikirere.
Umwuka wo guhumeka ikirere ugarura ubushyuhe
Ukurikije isuzuma ryubuzima bwose, 80% ~ 90% yingufu zamashanyarazi zikoreshwa na compressor de air zihinduka ubushyuhe hanyuma zigatatana.Ikwirakwizwa ry’umuriro w'amashanyarazi ukoresha compressor yo mu kirere ryerekanwa ku gishushanyo gikurikira, ukuyemo ubushyuhe bwerekanwe ku bidukikije kandi bukabikwa mu kirere cyifunitse ubwacyo, 94% by'ingufu zisigaye zishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwo kugarura ubushyuhe.
Kugarura ubushyuhe bwimyanda ni muburyo bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe hamwe nubundi buryo bukwiye bwo guhagarika ikirere uburyo bwo kugarura ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mu gushyushya umwuka cyangwa amazi, gukoresha bisanzwe nko gushyushya imfashanyo, gushyushya ibintu hamwe no guteka amavuta yo kwisiga.Hamwe niterambere ryiza, 50% kugeza 90% byingufu zubushyuhe birashobora kugarurwa no gukoreshwa.Kwishyiriraho ibikoresho byo kugarura ubushyuhe birashobora kugenzura neza ubushyuhe bwimikorere ya compressor yikirere ku bushyuhe bwiza bwo gukora, kugirango amavuta yo gukora amavuta ameze neza, kandi nubunini bwumuriro wa compressor de air biziyongera 2% ~ 6%.Kuri compressor ikonjesha ikirere, urashobora guhagarika umuyaga ukonjesha wa compressor yo mu kirere ubwayo kandi ugakoresha pompe yamazi azenguruka kugirango ugarure ubushyuhe;compressor ikonjesha amazi irashobora gukoreshwa mugushushya amazi akonje cyangwa gushyushya ikirere, kandi igipimo cyo gukira ni 50% ~ 60%.Kugarura imyanda ugereranije nibikoresho byo gushyushya amashanyarazi hafi ya byose ntibikoresha ingufu;ugereranije n'ibikoresho bya gaze ya lisansi zeru zeru, ni inzira isukuye kandi yangiza ibidukikije yo kuzigama ingufu.Hashingiwe ku nyigisho y’isesengura ry’ingufu za sisitemu y’ikirere cyafunzwe, ibintu bihari byo gukoresha gaze bidafite ishingiro n'ingamba zo kuzigama ingufu z'ikigo birasesengurwa kandi bigashyirwa mu ncamake.Mumushinga uhindura imbaraga zo kuzigama ingufu, iyambere kuri sisitemu zitandukanye zo gukora igerageza nisuzuma rirambuye, hashingiwe kubyo gushyiraho ingamba zikwiye zo gutezimbere kugirango ugere ku ntego zo kuzigama ingufu, birashobora kunoza imikorere yimikorere yikirere cyose cyafunzwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-02-2024
